“Available evidence suggests government forces were involved in mass extrajudicial executions,” HRW said. It called for the government to hold those responsible to account, Reuters reported.

The Burkina Faso government told HRW it will investigate the claims.

Minister of Defense Moumina Cherif Sy said the killings could have been committed by terrorist groups using stolen army uniforms and logistical equipment.

“It is difficult for the population to distinguish between armed terrorist groups and the defense and security forces,” he said.

Burkina Faso has been battling militant groups with links to Al-Qaeda and Daesh since 2017. Hundreds of civilians have been killed and almost a million displaced by the conflict, which is also affecting neighbors Niger and Mali.

Despite promises to investigate and prosecute previous reports of rights abuses, rights groups say the government had done little.

Concerns over increased reports of abuses by soldiers prompted European Union and Sahel leaders to warn during a security summit on June 30 that any of their troops found guilty of human rights abuses would be punished severely.

The HRW report said the killings in Djibo likely took place between November 2019 and June 2020. Residents who saw the bodies told HRW that the dead were all men.

It said the bodies were left in groups along major roadways, under bridges, and in fields and vacant lots around Djibo.

“Burkina Faso authorities need to urgently uncover who turned Djibo into a ‘killing field’,” said Corinne Dufka, Sahel director at Human Rights Watch.

A community leader in Djibo told HRW: “Many of the dead were blindfolded, had their hands tied up … and were shot in the head.”

Many who spoke to HRW said they were fearful of being killed by government forces as well as terrorists.

“At night, so many times I’d hear the sound of vehicles and then, bam! bam! bam! … And the next morning we’d see or hear of bodies found in this place or that,” a Djibo farmer said.