The Bretton Woods system was an international financial and monetary system that was created after World War II. Its main objective was to establish stability in the global economy and to prevent instabilities like those experienced during the 1930s.

After Donald Trump pulled the United States out of Ukraine and left Europe on its own, the United Kingdom, in order to protect its nurtured protégé Volodymyr Zelensky, imposed costs on Europe. As a result, the leaders of the European Union reached an agreement on December 19, 2025 (Azar 28, 1404) to grant a large €90 billion loan to Ukraine. This loan is interest-free (0%).

The policy of reducing the value of a currency (whether through controlled inflation or expansionary monetary policies) has historically been used as one of the indirect mechanisms for “tuning” or reducing the real burden of debts.

The system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, relying on the Constitution and the participation of the people in various elections, has obtained its legitimacy from the public vote. Within the framework of this same law, mechanisms have been anticipated for criticism and improvement of performance at all levels; active public participation in elections, civil institutions, and the legally sanctioned space for expression are examples of this.

It may come as new information to many people to learn that in northern Iran—before the emergence of Zionism and the occupation of Palestinian land through what the author describes as British intrigue, deception, oppression, and genocide—there existed another “Israel.”

These days, some people, frustrated by their unsatisfactory performance within party frameworks, have their hearts set on internal rebellion to prove their irreligious—and sometimes worldly—intentions, and pretend to display intellectualism! If you browse blogs, you come across discussions about the betrayal of minorities, for example:

The term Esfandiar’s Eye (Equal to Achilles’Heel) comes from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh (One of Iran’s famous poet’s work) and refers to a point of weakness or vulnerability. According to the epic, King Goshtasp subjected his son, Esfandiar, to the seven trials to restrain Rostam and bathed him in the sacred waters to strengthen him. While his body became resilient and toughened, his eyes remained unprotected. Rostam eventually struck him in the eyes with a thorn arrow, bringing him down.

Over the past two weeks, we have heard statements from the United States and Europe from official podiums saying that although the U.S. National Security Strategy 2025 document has not formally “removed” Europe from its relationship with Washington, it has, in unprecedented and harsh language, sharply downgraded the continent’s position in U.S. priorities and pushed it to the margins. Instead, the main focus of the new strategy is on establishing and realizing exclusive U.S. hegemony in the Western Hemisphere (the Americas).

In Iran, it is interpreted this way: that Trump’s withdrawal from the JCPOA (the nuclear deal) was intended to strike a blow against Iran, and on this basis propaganda and information campaigns are conducted. But this withdrawal is never analyzed in terms of why an action that the previous president had partially accepted became a point of dispute.

According to the latest news reports, the Tehran Stock Exchange has maintained its upward trend in recent days. In the final days of last week, the overall stock index reached 3,482,000 units, and today (Tuesday, December 8, 2025) it is expected to experience a mild increase as well. A strong inflow of real liquidity (more than 10 trillion rials on Monday) and demand outweighing supply have been the main drivers of this positive movement.